IP rating (Ingress Protection) is an important standard for evaluating the dust and water resistance of equipment. This standard is developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to provide a unified protection level assessment for electrical equipment. The first number in the IP code indicates the ability to protect against the entry of solid foreign objects, such as fingers or dust, and ranges from 0 to 6; The second number indicates protection against liquid intrusion and ranges from 0 to 9. See the chart in this article for details on what each rating means. When an “X” is used in place of the first or second number in an IP code, it indicates that the device has not been tested accordingly.
IP Class Standard Comparison table
First characteristic number: solid particle protection grade (dust protection grade)
Number
Level of protection
Instructions
X
Unknown
It is not possible to confirm the level of protection without proper testing
0
No protection
No protection
1
> 50 mm
● Prevents large areas of body parts (such as the back of the hand) from touching internal parts, but does not protect against intentional contact
2
> 12.5mm
● Prevent fingers or similar objects from touching internal parts
3
> 2.5mm
● Keep small objects such as tools and thick wires out
4
> 1 mm
● Keep most wires, thin screws and other small objects out
5
Dust protected
● Although it cannot completely prevent dust from entering, the incoming dust will not affect the normal operation of the equipment
6
Dust tight
● Completely prevent dust from entering, and the equipment is completely closed
Second characteristic number: liquid proof grade (waterproof grade)
Number
Level of protection
Instructions
X
Unknown
It is not possible to confirm the level of protection without proper testing
0
No protection
No protection
1
Prevent water droplets from getting in
● Water drops fall vertically ● Simulate rainfall equivalent to 1mm/min. ● The test lasts 10 minutes
2
When the device is tilted 15°, it can still prevent water droplets from immersing
● Equipment tilt 15° water drops fall vertically ● The test is divided into 4 directions ● Each direction lasts 2.5 minutes and the test lasts 10 minutes.
3
Prevent the spray water from getting in
● From the vertical direction to the range of ±60°, the maximum distance of 200mm spray water into ● Oscillating device or nozzle is used for testing ● The amount of water sprayed is 10 L/min. ● Last at least 5 minutes
4
Prevent splashing water from getting in
● Water is dispensed in a spray pattern with a maximum reach of 200 millimeters. ● Oscillating device or nozzle is used for testing ● The amount of water sprayed is 10 L/min ● Last at least 5 minutes
5
Prevent injection of water
● Spray water from any direction ● A nozzle with a diameter of 6.3mm is used for the test ● Water flow rate is 12.5 L/min and distance is 2.5 m to 3 m ● Lasts at least 3 minutes.
6
Prevent large waves from submergence
● Powerful water spray intrusion from any direction ● The test uses a nozzle with a diameter of 12.5mm ● The water flow rate is 100 L/min and the distance is 2.5 m to 3 m ● Lasts at least 3 minutes.
7
Prevent short time immersion (within 1 meter depth)
● Equipment submerged in water ● The lowest point of the device is 1 meter underwater, or the highest point is 150mm from the water surface ● Immersion depth is 1 meter. ● Lasts for 30 minutes
8
Prevent prolonged submergence (more than 1 meter depth)
● Equipment is capable of long-term operation under water more than 1 meter deep, the specific depth is determined by the manufacturer, and may include other environmental factors testing, such as temperature changes.
9
Resistant to high temperature water column
● Close distance high temperature water column invasion ● The test condition is 80°C water temperature ● Water flow rate 14-16 L/min ● Each direction lasts for 30 seconds, and the test lasts for 2 minutes.
9K
Resistant to high temperature and high pressure water column
● Close distance high temperature and high pressure water column invasion ● The test condition is 80°C water temperature ● Water flow rate 14-16 L/min ● Each direction lasts for 30 seconds, and the test lasts for 2 minutes. ● The water pressure is approximately 8,000 to 10,000 Kpa.
FAQ:
What is the significance of IP protection level testing?
IP protection level testing ensures that the equipment can operate properly in a specific environment. The tests verify that the equipment prevents dust, moisture, or other particulate matter from causing damage to internal components, thereby ensuring long-term stability and performance of the equipment. Protection requirements vary according to the characteristics of different products and environments in which they are used. The protective performance of the product shell must closely match the actual application scenario to better meet the use requirements.
Does the test sample need to be electrified during the IP protection class test?
The standard does not require the equipment to be tested with power on. If you need to simulate the actual use of the environment, it is possible to power the test, but you need to make sure that safety measures are taken during the test.
What is the IP5X dust entry standard?
IP5X allows dust to enter, but does not affect the safe operation and safety of the equipment, and IP6X can not find dust accumulation. In the case of IP5X dust entry, the standard only mentions that a certain amount of dust is allowed to enter, and does not give specific quantitative indicators and detection methods.
The larger the number of IP grade, does it mean that the waterproof effect is better?
In general, a larger number indicates better sealing of the device, but this does not mean that a product with an IP67 rating will necessarily meet the requirements of IP66 or IP65. In other words, just because a prototype meets the IP67 rating does not mean that it meets both the IP66 or IP65 rating standards. The reason is that the water gun of IPX5 and IPX6 has a water speed requirement, and the water pressure of the water gun is more permeable than the water pressure of the penetration bubble. This document also gives corresponding statements. If the product supports both the water gun and the penetration bubble, the corresponding grade should be marked at the same time, such as IPX6/IPX8. If only IPX8 means only immersion but not exposure to the spray gun, and if only IPX6 means only immersion but not immersion.
What is the difference between IPX9 and IPX9K?
The definition of IPX9 comes from IEC 60529, and the definition of IPX9K comes from ISO 20653. The IPX9 does not specify water pressure requirements, while the IPX9K does, where the “K” indicates that the test needs to meet additional pressurization requirements. For example, a test pressure of 10,000 kPa (100 Bars) is required for the IPX9K. Similarly, other protection classes with “K” (such as IPX4K and IPX6K) also have clear requirements for test pressure. IPX9K is more inclined to industrial and special field equipment, such as the automotive industry (engine, lights, etc.), industrial equipment, agricultural machinery, etc., especially the scene that needs to withstand high temperature and high pressure cleaning.
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